Clinicopathological Spectrum of Ophthalmic Lesions in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract

Background: The knowledge of the spectrum of ophthalmic lesions would be helpful to ophthalmologists and pathologists in shaping the strategy for the diagnosis and management of ophthalmic lesions. Aim The aim of this study was to explore the morphological, clinical, and histological diversity of ocular lesions, as well as the frequency and incidence of ocular lesions in a tertiary care hospital, and to compare these findings with those of similar studies conducted worldwide. Materials and Methods It is a retrospective study of patients reporting ophthalmic complaints in the department of ophthalmology at a tertiary care center in western Maharashtra from 2015 to 2022. Results The majority of cases were in 31 to 40 years of age with an m: f ratio was 1:1. Eyelid was the most common site affecting 45 cases (45%), followed by periorbital and cornealconjunctiva in 20 cases each (20%). The majority of cases (52%), which were nonneoplastic lesions, were benign (34%) and malignant (14%). Infectious lesions were most frequent among nonneoplastic lesions (55.77%), followed by inflammatory lesions (30.77%), cystic lesions (11.54%), and hemorrhagic lesions (1.92%). Among the benign lesions, pterygium was the most common (32.35%), followed by dermoid cysts (17.65%). Sebaceous gland carcinoma was the most frequent of the malignant lesions (28.57%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma and ocular surface squamous neoplasia (21.43% each). Conclusion The most frequent lesions in our study were nonneoplastic, followed by benign and malignant lesions. In 85% of cases, the clinical and histological diagnoses matched. Clinicopathological correlation has benefitted in the early diagnosis and management of ophthalmic lesions.