Clinicopathological spectrum of ophthalmic lesions in a tertiary care hospital: A study of 100 cases

Abstract

Background: The knowledge of the spectrum of ophthalmic lesions would be helpful to ophthalmologists and pathologists in shaping the strategy for the diagnosis and management of ophthalmic lesions. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the morphological, clinical, and histological diversity of ocular lesions, as well as the frequency and incidence of ocular lesions in a tertiary care hospital, and to compare these findings with those of similar studies conducted worldwide. Materials and Methods: It is a retrospective study of patients reporting ophthalmic complaints in the department of ophthalmology at a tertiary care center in western Maharashtra from 2015 to 2022. Results: The majority of cases were in 31 to 40 years of age with an m: f ratio was 1:1. Eyelid was the most common site affecting 45 cases (45%), followed by periorbital and cornealconjunctiva in 20 cases each (20%). The majority of cases (52%), which were nonneoplastic lesions, were benign (34%) and malignant (14%). Infectious lesions were most frequent among nonneoplastic lesions (55.77%), followed by inflammatory lesions (30.77%), cystic lesions (11.54%), and hemorrhagic lesions (1.92%). Among the benign lesions, pterygium was the most common (32.35%), followed by dermoid cysts (17.65%). Sebaceous gland carcinoma was the most frequent of the malignant lesions (28.57%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma and ocular surface squamous neoplasia (21.43% each). Conclusion: The most frequent lesions in our study were nonneoplastic, followed by benign and malignant lesions. In 85% of cases, the clinical and histological diagnoses matched. Clinicopathological correlation has benefitted in the early diagnosis and management of ophthalmic lesions.