Clinicopathological Profile of Breast Cancer at a Tertiary Cancer Center in Jharkhand, India: A Descriptive Cohort Study.

Abstract

Introduction Breast cancer is the most common cancer in females worldwide including Indian urban areas. There is no concrete data on breast cancer epidemiology from the state of Jharkhand, India. Materials and methods The present study is a retrospectively conducted descriptive cohort study. A total of 759 patients were selected from the database from 2012 to 2022. The parameters taken for the study were age, sex, stage at the time of presentation, histological type, estrogen receptor (ER) status, progesterone receptor (PR) status, human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER2) neu status (HER2/neu), site of metastasis for stage 4 diseases, parity, and significant family history. Results The median age for patients was 49 years (range: 19-91 years), with a clustering of 74.83% of cases between 31 and 60 years of age. Most of the patients were in stage III, with 365 (48.08%) cases. Bone was the commonest site of metastasis and was found in 41.25% of total cases. The total number of hormone receptor-positive patients was 384 (56.2%), the number of HER2/neu positive patients was 210 (30.7%), and triple-negative breast cancer was found in 184 cases (26.93%). Conclusion The pattern found in our Jharkhand patients was very much similar to other Indian studies with slightly more clustering of younger cases. The cases in India are almost a decade younger than the Western population and the same was replicated in our study. This is one of the largest studies on breast cancer profile and epidemiology from the eastern part of India. Most of our patients presented late, leading to a higher number of locally advanced (stage III) and metastatic (stage IV) cases. More awareness is required at the population level, including strict implementation of a robust screening program by our government, for improving the overall outcome.