Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this study is to reveal the clinicopathological features and identify risk factors of prognosis among patients with pancreatic cancer bone metastasis (PCBM).Patients and MethodsPatients with PCBM were retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2010 and 2016. Independent predictors for survival of those patients were determined by the univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Forest plots were drawn by GraphPad 8.0.1 and used to visually display the results of multivariate analysis.ResultsWe identified 2072 eligible PCBM patients, of which 839 patients (40.5%) were female. Patients with age >60 years accounted for 70.6%. Multivariable Cox regression analysis indicated that age, pathological type, chemotherapy, liver metastasis, lung metastasis, and marital status were independent prognostic factors for both overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that for patients with PCBM, age ≤60 years, non-ductal adenocarcinoma type, chemotherapy, no liver metastasis, no lung metastasis, and married status were correlated with increased survival. This population-based study showed that 1-year OS and CSS were 13.6% and 13.7%, respectively.ConclusionThe present study identified six independent predictors of prognosis in PCBM, including age, pathological type, chemotherapy, liver metastasis, lung metastasis, and marital status. Knowledge of these survival predictors is helpful for clinicians to accelerate clinical decision process and design personalized treatment for patients with PCBM.
Highlights
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly aggressive and metastatic malignancy, characterized by a high mortality
Ductal adenocarcinoma accounted for 75.1% of all pathological type. 899(43.4%) of patients presented with tumor size
As for visceral metastasis, only 3.3% of patients presented with brain metastasis, while 28.7% and 38.8% of patients developed liver and lung metastases, respectively
Summary
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly aggressive and metastatic malignancy, characterized by a high mortality. It has an extremely poor survival, with 5-year survival rate of less than 8% [1,2,3]. The majority of PC patients develop metastasis either at the time of initial diagnosis or after initial diagnosis, which posts a new challenge for clinicians [3]. He et al [5] reported that liver and peritoneum metastases accounted for 45.1% and 49.9% of metastatic PC patients, respectively, which may be due to their anatomical sites [6]. Most bone metastases caused by pancreatic cancer are lytic lesions [15]
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