Clinico-Pathological Spectrum of Primary Plasma Cell Leukemia Diagnosed at a Tertiary Care Centre in South India Over 5 Year Period

Abstract

Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) represents a rare and aggressive form of plasma cell dyscrasia which can be primary (pPCL) or secondary (sPCL). It is diagnosed based on absolute plasma cell count of more than 2.0×10(9)/l or a relative proportion of greater than 20% of the peripheral blood leukocyte count. Although pPCL and sPCL share several clinical features, important differences exist. Patients with pPCL are younger; often have extra osseous organ involvement (liver, spleen and other extramedullary sites), increased frequency of renal failure, fast declining performance status and rapid progression to the terminal stage. Patients with sPCL have advanced bone disease. Presented in this article is India data of a short series of five cases of PCL diagnosed at a tertiary care centre from south India over last 5years. All cases were de novo and had varied spectrum of presentation and so were not suspected to be plasma cell dyscrasia clinically. Detailed hemato-pathological evaluation clinched the diagnosis in all the cases.