Clinico-Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study of Ruminant's Cutaneous Papillomavirus in Iraq.

Karima A Al- Salihi,Ahmed H Al-Dabhawi,Tho Alfiqar H Ali,Ali Abbass Ajeel,Ibrahim A Erzuki

doi:10.1155/2020/5691974

Karima A Al- Salihi, Ahmed H Al-Dabhawi + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5691974

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Abstract

The papilloma viruses are constituted of double-stranded DNA and are a more common lesion in ruminant's skin in Iraq. The p53 tumor suppressor protein reveals an essential role in cell cycle control. This study intends to investigate the clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical features of cutaneous papilloma in ruminants in Iraq. Samples had been collected from a total of 10 animals (three cattle, three goats, and four sheep) with multiple papillomatosis lesions. The samples were processed for histopathological and immunohistochemical techniques. Clinically, the lesions appeared as multiple various sizes (0.5–11 cm), cauliflower exophytic masses on different parts of the animal's body. The histopathological features of the epidermis granular layer revealed perinuclear vacuolation (koilocytosis) accompanied by various degrees of hypergranulosis, hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, orthokeratosis, and parakeratosis. Strong positive reaction for papillomavirus antigen was seen in both epidermal basal and granular layers in the immunohistochemical investigation (IHC). Moreover, all papilloma lesions revealed an intense positive p53 reaction in cytoplasmic and perinuclear of the basal and parabasal layers. In conclusion, this study described the papillomavirus lesions in bovine, ovine, and caprine animals, which were found in different parts areas of the affected animals. All lesions show similar histopathological features with minor variations. PV antigen and p53 protein expression showed positive results in immunohistochemistry that can be used as diagnostic markers for ruminant's papilloma.

Highlights

Bovine viral papillomas, commonly known as warts, are caused by the bovine papilloma virus (BPV) that result in the proliferation of the skin and development of verruciform lesions [1, 2]
The lesions were found in the testes, face, around the eyes neck, shoulders, and perianal (Figures 2(a) and 2(b); Figures 3(a) and 3(b)). e lesions were variable in size with dry, horny, and verruciform shape
Bovine papillomaviruses are the causative agents which induce the disease in all ruminant age groups

Summary

Introduction

Commonly known as warts, are caused by the bovine papilloma virus (BPV) that result in the proliferation of the skin and development of verruciform lesions [1, 2]. BPV is primarily self-limiting, but warts may be removed either for cosmetic reasons or if it is irritating the animal (e.g., near the eyes). Papilloma viruses produce both benign and malignant tumors in ruminant, like cutaneous papilloma, oesophageal, and urinary bladder cancer and benign fibroplasia and cause significant economic losses [1, 2]. Viral infection occurs in all species of animals and is highly species-specific [3]. Viral infection occurs in all species of animals and is highly species-specific [3]. e bovine papillomavirus contains circa eight kilobases genome of double-stranded circular DNA [4] and belongs to papovavirus family and are constituted of icosahedral, nonenveloped symmetrical DNA that measures 50–55 nm in diameter.

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