Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a kind of common cancer worldwide. Too late in diagnosis results in poor prognosis of patients with GC. Thrombospondin-2 (THBS2) is a type of secreted protein that has been found to be a diagnostic biomarker in a variety of cancers. Our study aimed to uncover the clinical value of THBS2 in early detection for patients with gastric cancer. THBS2 was upregulated in gastric cancer tissue compared with normal tissue via analyzing data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Additionally, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that the level of serum THBS2 and carcinoembryonic antigen, CA19-9, was higher dramatically in patients with early gastric cancer (EGC) than that in healthy control (HC) in addition to patients with benign gastric tumor (BGT), which suggested that THBS2 indeed associated with GC. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve assay was conducted to demonstrate that serum THBS2 was similar to CA19-9 to distinguish patients with early gastric cancer from healthy control and patients with benign gastric tumor and that THBS2 combined with CA19-9 improved the detective performance of THBS2 for early gastric cancer. Furthermore, we applied the gene set enrichment analysis assay to analyze signaling pathways related to THBS2. We found that THBS2 positively controlled MAPK and WNT signaling pathways, which indicated that THBS2 might exert its functions via the pathway mentioned above. Thus, our study expounded that serum THBS2 could serve as a vital early diagnostic marker for patients with gastric cancer.
Highlights
Gastric cancer (GC) as the fourth leading tumor results in third most main death rate that is related to cancers in the world [1]. e disease incidence and mortality of GC maintains high in both East Asian and Central South American countries including China, Korea, Mexico, and Chile [2, 3]
Blood was obtained from 41 healthy individuals, 33 benign gastric tumor patients, and 46 early gastric cancer patients at Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China. e benign or early stage of cancer was confirmed by the principle of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM classification
3.1. e Level of THBS2 Is Increased in Gastric Cancer Tissues. e load of THBS2 in tumor tissues and normal tissues of patients diagnosed with gastric cancers was analyzed by deferential analysis as well as paired differential analysis on the basis of data from e Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. e mean level of THBS2 in gastric cancer tissues was obviously higher than that in control tissues (P < 0.001, Figures 1(a) and 1(b)). e data showed that serum THBS2 was potential to be secreted by gastric cancer tissues
Summary
Gastric cancer (GC) as the fourth leading tumor results in third most main death rate that is related to cancers in the world [1]. e disease incidence and mortality of GC maintains high in both East Asian and Central South American countries including China, Korea, Mexico, and Chile [2, 3]. Gastric cancer can invade either mucosa or submucosa, which is accompanied by metastasis of the lymph node or not [4]. For an optimum period of therapy, it is necessary to diagnose GC as early as possible. Advanced technologies such as screening are employed to raise diagnosis proportion of early gastric cancer [6]. Serum markers are easier to detect than other test indexes; they are used widely to diagnose early gastric cancer [8]. E most sensitive serum index for diagnosing GC, is still uncovered [9]. Us, it is urgent to explore new and highly effective biomarkers to boost the detective accuracy of early GC [10] Serum markers are easier to detect than other test indexes; they are used widely to diagnose early gastric cancer [8]. e most sensitive serum index for diagnosing GC, is still uncovered [9]. us, it is urgent to explore new and highly effective biomarkers to boost the detective accuracy of early GC [10]
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