Abstract
BackgroundDisplacement of the window of implantation (WOI) has been proposed as an important factor contributing to repeated implantation failure (RIF). However, the use of histologic endometrial dating as a diagnostic tool of endometrial receptivity has been questioned.MethodsThis study is a prospective intervention trial that enrolled 205 infertile patients from July 2017 to December 2017. Endometrial biopsies from 50 patients with good prognoses were conducted on day 3 (n = 6), 5 (n = 6), 7 (n = 26), 9 (n = 6), or 11 (n = 6) post-ovulation (PO + 3/5/7/9/11) of the previous natural cycle before their conventional frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycle. We conducted endometrial biopsies for 155 RIF patients on day PO + 7.ResultsThe verification of the Noyes criteria for endometrial dating was conducted at different times (PO + 3/+ 5/+ 7/+ 9/+ 11) on 41 patients with good prognoses who achieved an ongoing pregnancy in their first conventional FET cycle after endometrial biopsy. The agreement between two pathologists determining endometrial biopsy dating results in infertile patients was determined to be acceptable (weighted kappa = 0.672, P < 0.001). The rate of out-of-phase dating on day PO + 7 was significantly higher in RIF patients than in good- prognosis patients (31.6% vs. 3.8%, P = 0.003). pFET was performed in 47 RIF patients diagnosed to be out of phase, and the cumulative live-birth rate was 61.7%.ConclusionsHistologic endometrial dating of RIF patients in natural cycles may be a biomarker for a receptive endometrium in diagnosing WOI displacement.Trial registrationNCT03312309 Registered 17 October 2017.NCT03222830 Registered 19 July 2017,
Highlights
Displacement of the window of implantation (WOI) has been proposed as an important factor contributing to repeated implantation failure (RIF)
We investigated the clinical effects of personalized frozen-thawed embryo transfer in patients with unexplained RIF using histologic dating of endometrial biopsies, which were performed under ultrasound-guided ovulation monitoring during natural cycles
The histological profiles of good-prognosis patients who were pregnant in their first conventional frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycle were collected as fertility parameters
Summary
Displacement of the window of implantation (WOI) has been proposed as an important factor contributing to repeated implantation failure (RIF). Endometrial receptivity has been frequently evaluated as one of the many uterine factors involved in RIF, but the relationship remains controversial. Several endometrial markers, such as the presence of pinopods, immunohistochemical biomarkers, and endometrial waves and blood flow, have been used to determine uterine receptivity. These biomarkers may interact transiently with the embryo at implantation, but they appear to be unreliable for evaluating receptivity, as precision indicators for use as clinical diagnostic tools [5–7]
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