Clinical Utility of the Personality Assessment Inventory in Predicting Symptom Change and Clinical Outcome in an Inpatient Chemical Dependency Rehabilitation Unit

Abstract

Newly admitted inpatients in a 28-day chemical dependency rehabilitation unit completed the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) at admission and measures of clinical symptomatology (Symptom Checklist–90–Revised) and clinical outcome (Schwartz Outcome Scale–10) at admission and discharge. PAI drug and alcohol scale scores were clinically elevated in this inpatient sample. Modest elevations were found on scales measuring stress, depression, and antisocial and borderline features. Lower scores on most PAI clinical scales were associated with greater symptom reduction and improved psychological well-being, while controlling for pretreatment levels. Multivariate analysis controlling for contributions of clinical scales measuring borderline, depressive, and antisocial traits, as well as pretreatment outcome measures, demonstrated that the PAI Suicidal Ideation and Treatment Rejection scales were significant individual predictors of symptom reduction and improved psychological well-being, respectively, although the treatment scales as a group failed to incrementally contribute to prediction. Overall, the results support the clinical utility of using the PAI to predict clinical improvement among inpatients treated for substance use disorders.