Abstract
Ozone was discovered over a hundred years ago and since then, it has been widely used in many areas, with the primary use as a disinfectant in various ways, but with applications in diverse conditions. More recently, the use of ozone has extended to other fronts, using it to treat different pathologies. Extensive studies have shown its effects, as well as the safety of its application in various modalities of use. Other studies showed its toxicity, which depends on the doses of use. Emerging evidence revealed that ozone also plays an important role in the wound healing and modulation of immune cells, describing the molecular pathways responsible for these actions and describing therapeutic actions in the treatment of wounds, pain, postoperative and infectious diseases. Ozone use has already been documented in different doses, forms of use and routes of application, depending on the clinical situation and an adaptation is necessary for a better result. Thus, this review summarizes the main clinical uses of ozone, presenting the molecular pathways responsible for its actions, as well as discussing the main routes of use, doses and, vehicles used in the clinic.
Highlights
Ozone (O3) is an allotrope of oxygen, which at room temperature, is an explosive gas that absorbs UV radiation in the range 220-290 nm (Eriksson et al, 2007)
Some studies demonstrate the generation of ozone in the antigen-antibody complex in the human body, which proves that the production of this molecule happens physiologically via the immune system too (Nathan, 2002)
Peroxides produced through ozone improve oxygen availability by regulating antioxidant molecules in red blood cells, favoring the metabolism and the release of cytokines, autacoids and growth factors that are fundamental in the treatment of metabolic, inflammatory and infectious diseases (Soares et al, 2019)
Summary
Ana Paula Pivotto, Fernanda Weyand Banhuk, Izabela Virginia Staffen, Maiara Aline Daga, Thaís Soprani Ayala and Rafael Andrade Menolli. Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Center of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNIOESTE-Western Parana State University, Cascavel/PR, Brazil
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