Abstract
The adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART) cause substantial morbidity and compromise adherence, which can lead to drug resistance. Treatment guidelines recommend against universal immediate ART, partly because of toxicities (table). The webtable lists licensed ARTs. DEXA=dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. tNRTI=thymidine nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor. HIV entry inhibitorsThe need for new classes of antiretroviral drugs has become apparent because of increasing concern about the long-term toxic effects of existing drugs, the need to combat HIV-1 variants that are resistant to treatment, and the frequency of treatment change in drug-experienced patients. Currently, most regimens are combinations of inhibitors of two viral enzymes—reverse transcriptase and protease. Nevertheless, several steps in the HIV replication cycle are potential targets for intervention. These steps can be divided into entry steps, in which viral envelope glycoproteins and their receptors are involved, and postentry steps, involving viral accessory gene products and the cellular proteins with which they interact. Full-Text PDF
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