Abstract
Arboviruses such as Chikungunya (CHIKV), Dengue (DENV), and Zika virus (ZIKV) have emerged as a significant public health concern in Mexico. The existing literature lacks evidence regarding the dispersion of arboviruses, thereby limiting public health policy’s ability to integrate the diagnosis, management, and prevention. This study seeks to reveal the clinical symptoms of CHIK, DENV, and ZIKV by age group, region, sex, and time across Mexico. The confirmed cases of CHIKV, DENV, and ZIKV were compiled from January 2012 to March 2020. Demographic characteristics analyzed significant clinical symptoms of confirmed cases. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the association between clinical symptoms and geographical regions. Females and individuals aged 15 and older had higher rates of reported significant symptoms across all three arboviruses. DENV showed a temporal variation of symptoms by regions 3 and 5, whereas ZIKV presented temporal variables in regions 2 and 4. This study revealed unique and overlapping symptoms between CHIKV, DENV, and ZIKV. However, the differentiation of CHIKV, DENV, and ZIKV is difficult, and diagnostic facilities are not available in rural areas. There is a need for adequately trained healthcare staff alongside well-equipped lab facilities, including hematological tests and imaging facilities.
Highlights
Arboviruses contribute a significant impact on human health among emerging infectious diseases today
Among the female patients of the arboviruses, 13% of DENV, 14% of CHIKV, and 67% of Zika virus (ZIKV) patients were pregnant at the time of infection
Our analysis covers eight years, and results indicate that symptoms differ according to sex and age group in the three arboviruses analyzed in this study
Summary
Arboviruses contribute a significant impact on human health among emerging infectious diseases today. The mosquito vectors known to transmit these arboviruses are Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. These mosquitoes can be further categorized based on the type of arbovirus transmitted among their varied genus. The spatial distribution and areas under threat to arboviruses are found in tropical and subtropical regional environments [1]. These regions provide a favorable environment for the survival of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, contributing to the prevalence of these mosquitoes worldwide [2,3,4,5]
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