Abstract
Hypercalcemia in the patients with malignant tumor has been known as malignancy associated hypercalcemia (MAH). Incidence and pathogenesis of MAH in thyroid cancer was clinically studied in 127 patients who died of thyroid cancer, including 71 patients with anaplastic carcinoma, 44 with papillary carcinoma and 12 with follicular carcinoma. Hypercalcemia with more than 11.0mg/dl of serum calcium was found in 8 (6.3%) out of the total 127 cases or 5 (7.0%) out of 71 cases of anaplastic carcinoma On the basis of the mechanisms, MAH was divided into humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHA) and local osteolytic hypercalcemia (LOH). Of the 8 cases of thyroid cancer with MAH, 3 cases without bone metastasis and 3 cases with few bone metastasis, including one case demonstrated an elevation (11.0 pmol/1(<2)) in parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), were considered to be accompanied with HHM. The other 2 cases with remarkable bone metastasis might be associated with LOH. A fact that the association of hypercalcemia as well as leukocytosis was found in 4.2% of all anaplastic carcinomas may suggest that the tumors in these cases might produce several humoral factors.
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