Abstract
Introduction. Gum hyperplasia is clinically translated by growth in gum size, edema and bleeding (over-normal bags). The gum may be thin or fibrous, firm (in pseudotumor forms). In the absence of proper treatment, it will be associated with the bone resorption of the alveolar process, leading to different degrees of dental mobility. Purpose. Through this clinical-statistical study, we aim to analyze patients diagnosed with gum hyperplasia by age, gender, type of gum hyperplasia, etiology and localization. Also, by observing in surgical practice more and more cases of gum hyperplasia in patients with orthodontic treatment, through this clinical-statistical study, we aim to quantify the incidence of gingival hyperplasia in orthodontic treatments carriers and its distribution by gender. Material and method. The study is retrospective type, performed on 172 patients with the diagnosis of gum hyperplasia (K06.1), treated in the Oro-maxillo-facial surgery Clinic in Targu Mures, during Jan.2015-march 2021. Hypocrate concept 3 was used to access patient observation sheets. Results and discussions. Analyzing the descriptive statistical data of this retrospective clinical-statistical study, it is observed that the average age of the subjects is 58 years, the distribution by sex favors the female gender (59%), generally occurs in adults, has affinity for the right hemimaxilla, approx. 25% of patients have gingival hyperplastic lesions caused by orthodontic appliances and mobile/mobilizable prostheses. These types of lesions represent a ratio of 2/1 in favor of females, which indicates that the aesthetic requirements for females are much higher compared to males. Also, interpreting, from a medical point of view, the statistical conclusions of this study, we find that the patient's gender does not influence the location and appearance of the hyperplasic lesion, instead the age of the patients influences the occurrence of the hyperplastic lesion. Conclusion. Orthodontic therapy should be indicated after a correct evaluation of periodontal tissues, quantification of periodontal indices and detection of risk factors.
Highlights
Gum hyperplasia is clinically translated by growth in gum size, edema and bleeding
In the absence of proper treatment, it will be associated with the bone resorption of the alveolar process, leading to different degrees of dental mobility
As for the location of the lesions, this study shows that the gingival hyperplasia has the highest affinity for the right side of maxillary, followed by the left side of mandible and maxillary
Summary
Gum hyperplasia is clinically translated by growth in gum size, edema and bleeding (over-normal bags). Through this clinical-statistical study, we aim to analyze patients diagnosed with gum hyperplasia by age, gender, type of gum hyperplasia, etiology and localization. By observing in surgical practice more and more cases of gum hyperplasia in patients with orthodontic treatment, through this clinical-statistical study, we aim to quantify the incidence of gingival hyperplasia in orthodontic treatments carriers and its distribution by gender. 25% of patients have gingival hyperplastic lesions caused by orthodontic appliances and mobile/mobilizable prostheses. These types of lesions represent a ratio of 2/1 in favor of females, which indicates that the aesthetic requirements for females are much higher compared to males. The interaction of several factors (genetic, hormonal, medicinal, TNF growth factor, neoplastic) was quantified, except orthodontic therapy and its role in the production of gum hyperplasia [2,3]
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