Abstract
IL24 mRNA is known to have an apoptotic effect on cancer cells but not on noncancer cells. However, the expression level of the IL24 mRNA in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and its subgroups is rarely studied. In this study, the clinical implication of IL24 mRNA was evaluated in the common subgroups of HNSCC, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) for analysis. Substantial IL24 mRNA expression data were calculated from several databases, such as the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), ArrayExpress, Sequence Read Archive (SRA), ONCOMINE, and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. We ultimately collected a total of 41 microarrays and RNA-seq including 1,564 HNSCC and 603 noncancer tissue samples. IL24 mRNA was highly expressed in OSCC, LSCC, and NPC as shown by the separated standard mean difference (SMD), as well as HNSCC as a whole part (SMD = 1.47, 95% confdence interval (CI) = 1.24−1.70, P < 0.0001). In all subgroups, the IL24 mRNA upregulation had the ability to distinguish cancer from noncancer tissue with area under the curves (AUCs) of the summary receiver operating characteristic (sROC) higher than 0.85. In conclusion, IL24 mRNA may be used as a potential marker for cancer screening, and its clinical diagnostic value needs to be further studied. It also provides a new idea for the treatment of the IL24 gene in HNSCC and its subgroups in the future.
Highlights
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer in the world and has a five-year survival rate of less than 50% [1, 2]
The summary receiver operating characteristic (sROC) curve was used to evaluate the ability of the IL24 mRNA to distinguish oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) from noncancer samples, and the results suggested that the area under the curves (AUCs) was 0.94, which demonstrates diagnostic ability (Figures 2(a), 2(c), and 2(d))
Because of the heterogeneity (I2 69.5%, P < 0.0001), the random effects model was used. e results showed that the IL24 mRNA was highly expressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) compared with noncancer tissues (SMD 1.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24–1.70, Figure 6(a)), and Senstivity Pre-test probability (%) Pre-test probability (%)
Summary
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer in the world and has a five-year survival rate of less than 50% [1, 2]. HNSCC has high metastasis and recurrence rates and includes the following subgroups: oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) [2, 3]. Due to the lack of obvious early clinical symptoms, many HNSCC patients are diagnosed with advanced cancer. The prognosis of HNSCC patients remains stagnant, with a considerable number of deaths due to recurrence and metastasis after chemotherapy and targeted therapy [8]. There are no suitable tumor markers for early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of HNSCC [4]
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