Abstract
Small non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) are epigenetic regulators that target specific cellular mRNA to modulate gene expression patterns and cellular signaling pathways. miRNAs are involved in a wide range of biological processes and are frequently deregulated in human cancers. Numerous miRNAs promote tumorigenesis and cancer progression by enhancing tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion and immune evasion, while others have tumor suppressive effects (Hayes, et al., Trends Mol Med 20(8): 460–9, 2014; Stahlhut and Slack, Genome Med 5 (12): 111, 2013). The expression profile of cancer miRNAs can be used to predict patient prognosis and clinical response to treatment (Bouchie, Nat Biotechnol 31(7): 577, 2013). The majority of miRNAs are intracellular localized, however circulating miRNAs have been detected in various body fluids and represent new biomarkers of solid and hematologic cancers (Fabris and Calin, Mol Oncol 10(3):503–8, 2016; Allegra, et al., Int J Oncol 41(6): 1897–912, 2012). This review describes the clinical relevance of miRNAs, lncRNAs and snoRNAs in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment response in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute adult T-cell leukemia (ATL).
Highlights
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) CLL is characterized by slow growth and the accumulation of incompetent CD5+, CD19+ and CD23+ B lymphocytes in blood, marrow, and other lymphoid tissues
With regard to miRNAs and CLL, miR-181b was frequently down-regulated in CLL patients with disease progression [18, 19] as it targets MCL-1 and BCL2 [18], which are important for cancer cell survival, and low expression of this miRNA was associated with poor prognosis as indicated by treatment-free survival (TFS) [18, 19]
The advance in Next-Generation Sequencing has provided us more details on how miRNA and Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) deregulation lead to leukemia onset and progression
Summary
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) CLL is characterized by slow growth and the accumulation of incompetent CD5+, CD19+ and CD23+ B lymphocytes in blood, marrow, and other lymphoid tissues. With regard to miRNAs and CLL, miR-181b was frequently down-regulated in CLL patients with disease progression [18, 19] as it targets MCL-1 and BCL2 [18], which are important for cancer cell survival, and low expression of this miRNA was associated with poor prognosis as indicated by treatment-free survival (TFS) [18, 19].
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
