Abstract
Cripto-1 can promote tumourigenesis and may be a potential prognostic biomarker in several malignancies, yet little is known about this protein in lung adenocarcinoma (LAC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of cripto-1 expression in a cohort of patients with LAC. Tumours from 290 patients with pathologically confirmed LAC were used for an immunohistochemical analysis of cripto-1 expression. The correlation between cripto-1 expression and the clinicopathological parameters of patients, EGFR-TKI sensitivity was analysed. Significant associations between cripto-1 expression and pT status, pN status, pTNM status, E-cadherin expression and EGFR-TKI sensitivity were identified. Compared with patients with low cripto-1 expression, patients with high cripto-1 expression exhibited significantly poorer progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Moreover, multivariate analyses showed that high cripto-1 expression was an independent predictor of worse survival of patients with LAC. The combination of cripto-1 expression and serum CEA level was correlated with both PFS and OS. In conclusion, cripto-1 may be a potential prognostic biomarker of survival in patients with LAC.
Highlights
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide
When the analysis was stratified by pathological stage (I, II, III, IV), we found that progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were better in the low cripto-1 expression group compared with the high cripto-1 expression group for the pathological stage I, II, and III subgroups
We investigated the expression of cripto-1 and its value in the prediction of clinical outcomes in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LAC)
Summary
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. In China, lung cancer has become the second leading cause of death after liver cancer [1]. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 80% of all cancers and includes adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. Previous studies have reported that lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) grows and spreads faster than lung squamous cell carcinoma and constitutes almost half of all lung cancers [2]. Despite advances in multi-modal treatment strategies, the 5-year survival rate of patients with NSCLC remains lower than 15% [3]. Targeted therapies have revolutionized the management of lung cancer patients, but these therapies are restricted to select cases due to infrequently characterized driver mutations [4,5]. It is essential to identify novel prognostic markers and therapeutic targets
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