CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE AND CHANGES IN THE MORPHOLOGY OF PLACENTA IN PREGNANCY INDUCED HYPERTENSION

Abstract

Introduction:Human placenta is the organ of exchange and connection between the fetus and mother. It is a fetal organ which experiences the stress and strain that the fetus experiences. Most common complication of pregnancy is Pregnancy Induced Hypertension. The study of placenta in Pregnancy Induced Hypertension gives a clear picture regarding the health of mother and the baby which helps in reducing the Neonatal and Maternal mortality and morbidity. Aim To infer the clinical significance of the gross changes that occur in placenta in Pregnancy Induced Hypertension. Materials and methods:An Observational Prospective Cohort Study was performed.Hundredspecimens of placenta were taken .out of them 50 placenta from PIH mothers ,50 were Normotensive mothers .irrespective of parity, of age group from 20-38 years from theGovernment General Hospital, Kurnool during the academic year 2021-2022..Immediately after the delivery the umbilical cord was clamped and the placenta after cutting was put in a neutral buffered normal saline. Results:There was a significant decrease in the placental weight ,placental diameter,placentalthickness,placental surface area and fetal weight in PIH mothers when compared to normotensive mothers.The Cotyledons number was also decreased compared to the normal placenta (10-15 in number in 39% of cases) due to Pregnancy Induced Hypertension mothers.60% of observed placenta had infarctions in PIH ,5% in normotensive mothers. Retroplacental clot was seen in 70% of PIH .syncytial knots in 62% of PIH .Nearly more than 30% of pregnancy induced hypertension placenta had calcified areas. Conclusion: The study of the placenta in Pregnancy Induced Hypertension gives a valuable information regarding the maternal and fetal well being. By diagnosing the condition prenatally by Ultra sonogram growth retardation cases can be prevented. A better management can be given to the pregnancy induced hypertension mothers thereby decreasing the neonatal and maternal mortality and morbidity.