Clinical Review of Urethral and Vaginal Discharge Syndrome: A Comprehensive Case Series from Primary Care Centers in Bahrain

Abstract

Background: This case series presents a comprehensive clinical review of twelve cases exhibiting symptoms of urethral and vaginal discharge syndrome in men and women attending primary care centers in Bahrain. The cases encompassed a diverse range of clinical manifestations, including dysuria, frequency, pyuria, urethral pruritus, malodorous urine, vulval itching, purulent vaginal discharge, abnormal vaginal bleeding, dyspareunia, lower abdominal pain, anorectal pain, and anal skin lesions. The individuals included in the case series engaged in various types of sexual activities, ranging from heterosexual intercourse, unsafe sexual behavior, a history of sexual abuse, to homosexual activity. This study aims to provide a scientifically rigorous analysis of these cases, highlighting the clinical presentation, potential risk factors, and implications for diagnosis and management of urethral and vaginal discharge syndrome in the primary care setting in Bahrain. Methods: The clinical evaluation of the patients encompassed a comprehensive assessment of their medical history, physical examination, and laboratory investigations. Urethral and vaginal swabs were collected for culture and sensitivity testing, urine analysis, microscopy, and imaging studies were performed. The most frequently identified etiological agents in this study were Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida yeasts infection. This study provides valuable insights into the clinical management of urethral and vaginal discharge syndrome, aiding in accurate identification and appropriate treatment of patients with similar symptoms. Results: Management of the patients involved a combination of antibiotic therapy, antifungal medications, and symptomatic relief measures. Safe sexual behaviors were highlighted as a preventive measure against sexually transmitted infections, which were identified as the primary causative agents of urethral and vaginal discharge syndrome. These findings have significant implications for primary care providers, offering valuable insights into the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of these conditions, particularly in primary care.