Clinical Relevance of Oxidation-Reduction Potential in the Evaluation of Male Infertility

Abstract

To evaluate (1) the relationship between oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and abnormal sperm quality, and (2) the changes in ORP and sperm parameters over time, in search of a potential surrogate marker of poor sperm quality that may assist in the diagnosis of oxidative stress-related male infertility. A total of 194 infertile men were included and 28 patients were identified to have repeated semen analyses and ORP measurements. The semen samples obtained were categorized into normal and abnormal sperm parameters based on the World Health Organization's fifth edition guidelines. Wilcoxon tests were used to compare the results of different groups. Correlations were analyzed by the Spearman rank-order correlation and receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to estimate optimal ORP cutoffs for identifying abnormalities. ORP levels were significantly elevated in semen samples with abnormal sperm parameters. ORP at a cutoff of 1.57 (mV/106 sperm) was able to detect at least 1 abnormal sperm parameter with a sensitivity of 70.4% and a specificity of 88.1%. ORP at a cutoff of 2.59 (mV/106 sperm) had the highest predictive value in detecting oligozoospermia with 88% sensitivity and 91.2% specificity. The increases in sperm concentration and motility in patients tested for semen analysis at 2 consecutive time intervals were related to a decline in ORP levels. ORP is a reliable method in predicting poor sperm quality. The introduction of ORP in male infertility evaluation may help overcome the high technical variability of semen analysis and assist in the diagnosis of oxidative stress-related infertility.