Clinical profile of young Indian women presenting with acute coronary syndrome

Abstract

Introduction: Coronary artery disease is an important public health issue in India. Over the last few decades, several studies have led to an understanding of the disease with respect to Indian population. However, lacunae still exist in several aspects of this burning health issue. There is a lack of data on acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the young Indian population. Our study targeted an important subgroup of Indian population which is the young Indian women. In this study, we present a brief overview of the clinical and laboratory characteristics of young Indian women who presented in our Institute with ACS. Methods: A total of 63 female patients aged ≤45 years with a diagnosis of ACS after satisfying inclusion-exclusion criteria were chosen for the study. Baseline demographics, laboratory investigations, electrocardiogram, echocardiographic assessment, and coronary angiogram with subsequent treatment approach and outcomes were recorded. Results: Dyslipidemia was the most common prevalent risk factors among the study patients, while diabetes and hypertension were other common risk factors noted. Among 63 patients admitted with ACS, 77% (n = 21) received primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and 11.1% (n = 7) received thrombolytic therapy. The average duration of hospital stay was 4 ± 1 day. Conclusion: It was observed that dyslipidemia was major risk factor for ACS among young Indian woman included in our study. Other risk factors included diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Chest pain (95.2%) was the most common complaint. In 76% cases, the coronary angiogram revealed single vessel disease with left anterior descending coronary artery being the culprit vessel in 69.8% cases. Majority of the participants had preserved left ventricular function at the time of discharge. Nearly 85% of our patients received PCI as the revascularization strategy of choice.