Clinical Profile of Urolithiasis Patients at Radiodiagnosis Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract

Introduction: Urolithiasis is a multi-factorial disease involving genetic & environmental factors. There has been an increased incidence of urolithiasis in recent times which has been associated with variations in its epidemiology like change in age, sex distribution of the disease and also changes in terms of type and location of the calculi. Present study describes clinical profile of urolithiasis patients visiting Radiodiagnosis department of a tertiary care hospital in Solapur district of Maharashtra state in India. Methods: It is a descriptive observational study done at Dept of Radiodiagnosis & Imaging at Shri Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj General Hospital in Solapur district of Maharashtra state in India. Study duration was Jan 2005 to Oct 2006. 120 patients who presented with symptoms & signs of urolithiasis for diagnosis & treatment in Dept of Surgery & Medicine, including the referrals from other hospitals & institutes & referred to Dept of Radiodiagnosis & Imaging of the institute for Computerised Tomography (CT) with provisional diagnosis of urolithiasis were enrolled. Detailed history & physical examination was done. The description of clinical profile was done with respect to age, sex wise distribution & location of the calculus. Results: On evaluation, 100 patients were diagnosed as having urolithiasis. Median age was 35 years. Age of patients ranged from 2 years to 81 years. Maximum cases (35%) were in age group of 31-40 years. Male to female ratio of patients was 2.4:1. Out of total 140 calculi in these patients, 54 (36 %) calculi were present in renal calyces (nephrolithiasis). Lower pole calyces were the most common site of nephrolithiasis (20%). 96 (64%) calculi were present in ureters. Most common site was distal 1/3 rd of ureters which was seen in 38 patients (25.3%). Conclusion: Urolithiasis patients were most common in age group of 31-40 years. Male to female ratio was 2.4:1. Ureteric calculi were more common than renal calculi.