Abstract
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><strong>Objective:</strong> To determine the clinical characteristics of newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children under15 years of age. Cross sectional study conducted at Aseer Central Hospital Abha, South-western Saudi Arabia from June 2011 – May 2015.</p><p><strong>Patients and Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>Study included 141 Saudi children, &lt; 15 years old with newly diagnosed T1DM. The demographic and laboratory data were collected from file records. The patients were divided into younger (&lt; 5 yr), middle (5 – 10 yr) and older (&gt;10 – 15 yr) age groups. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 16.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong><strong> </strong>Age of 141 children at onset of T1DM (mean ± SD) was 6.5 ± 3.2 years and majority 62 (44%) belonged to middle age group. Older 43 (30.5%) age group had female predominance (2:1) (p &lt; 0.0001). Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) (39%), obesity (11%) and male predominance (2.6:1) were found in younger 36 (25.5%) age group (p &lt; 0.0001). Family history (F/Hx) of T1DM 29 (20.6%) and HbA1c (10.36 ± 1.8%) successively increased with advancing age of patients. Main presenting symptoms like polyuria (96%), polydipsia (85%), weight loss (62%), nocturia (47%), polyphagia (28%) and DKA (22%),were significantly more frequent in children with F/Hx of T1DM (p &lt; 0.0001). Duration of symptoms at first presentation was 17.3 ± 10.7 days and daily insulin requirement was found 0.82 ± 0.2 units/ Kg.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong><strong> </strong>Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, noctu-ria and polyphagia were the main presenting symptoms and more frequent in middle age group children especially having F/Hx of T1DM. Under five years, obese and male children were found at higher risk for DKA development. Girls usually present late in adolescent age.</p>
Highlights
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a common endocrinal, chronic illness affecting more than 15 million people in the world[1]
Obese and male children were found at higher risk for Diabetic keto-acidosis (DKA) development
We found male predominance in under 5 years age group with M:F ratio 2.6:1 while it was reverse in older age > 10 years (M:F ratio 1:2)
Summary
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a common endocrinal, chronic illness affecting more than 15 million people in the world[1]. It is caused by β cell mass des-. The rate of increase is greatest among the youngest children.[1] Its incidence varies remarkably ranging from 0.1/ 100,000 per year in Venezuela, 0.7/100,000 per year in Karachi, Pakistan to 57.6/100,000 per year in Finland.[1, 4,5] highly variable incidence of T1DM among Arab countries has been reported ranging from 2.54/ 100,000 in Oman to 29/100,000 in Saudi Arabia.[6,7] This variation seems to be due to genetic makeup of specific ethnic groups in different countries and seen in different regions within the same country that reflects complex and multi-factorial inheritance
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