Clinical Profile of Thyroid Malignancies: A 10 year Retrospective Study in a Tertiary Care Centre in Eastern India

Abstract

Background: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. The incidence of which is on the rise in the last 2 decades. The incidence of this disease varies uniquely with age, sex and ethnicity. This epidemiological study was conducted to study the frequencies and patterns of thyroid neoplasm for last 10 years in East Indian population. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary care center of Eastern India from January 2011 to December 2020 on all patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer. The clinical profile of all patients were analysed in the study Result: Out of the total 2007 thyroid cases, 310 (15.4%) were diagnosed as thyroid malignancy. Of which 83.5% were papillary carcinoma, 10% follicular carcinoma, 2.5% medullary variety, 3.5% anaplastic type and 0.3% lymphoma. There was female preponderance with the approximate female to male sex ratio of 3:1. There was also a distinct age distribution, with papillary and follicular carcinoma being common in younger age, medullary in middle age group and anaplastic in the elderly. A total of 295 patients underwent thyroidectomy for malignancy in the last 10 years. The incidence of postoperative complication of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury is 2.4% and hypocalcemia is 4.1%. Conclusion: Understanding the clinical profile of thyroid malignancies aides in preoperative suspicion of various types of malignancy. Papillary carcinoma thyroid is the most common malignancy, with each subtype having a unique age of presentation.