Clinical profile of pulmonary and extrapulmonary cases of tuberculosis at a tertiary care center

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major communicable disease responsible for chronic illness globally. TB infects the lung primarily. It can transmit to other organs through lymphatic and hematogenous spread. It is preventable and treatable by early diagnosis and treatment with anti-tubercular drugs. Aims and Objectives: The aims of this study were to know the clinical profile of the patients with pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB (EPTB). Materials and Methods: This observational cross-sectional study at was conducted at DGH, SBKS MI and RC, Vadodara for total duration of 18 months. Total 102 patients with TB were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent clinical examination, microbiological examination, and radiological examination through chest X-ray. Results: In this study, the mean age group is of 21–30 years (21.6%), 51–60 years (18.6%), 70 years (11.8%), and 41–50 years (3.9%). Majority of patients were male (57.8%) followed by females (42.2%). Patients were mostly from rural area (62.7%). Farmers (49%) were most commonly involved. In this study, 69% were pulmonary TB and 31% were of EPTB. (59%) lymph node TB. About 56% were sputum positive and 44% were sputum negative in pulmonary TB. Total 32 EPTB patient samples for acid-fast bacilli (AFB), 14 patients were positive, and 18 patients were negative for AFB. Conclusion: The conclusion from this study is cases of TB are mostly male, between 21 and 30 years of age. Most of the patients are from rural area and most common occupation being involved is farmers. In our study, the incidence of pulmonary TB was much higher in comparison to EPTB. Among extrapulmonary cases of TB, lymph node TB was most common in this study.