Clinical Profile, Demographic Distribution and Risk Factors of Parafoveal Telangiectasia: An Electronic Medical Record-Driven Big Data Analytics from a Multitier Eye Care Network

Abstract

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the demographics and clinical profile of parafoveal telangiectasia (PFT) and compare risk factors for diabetic retinopathy (DR) among PFT and non-PFT patients. Methods This cross-sectional hospital-based study included 2,834,616 new patients presenting to a multi-tier ophthalmology hospital network in India between August 2010 and June 2021. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of PFT in at least one eye were included as cases. The data were collected using an electronic medical record system. Results Overall, 2,310 (0.081%) patients were diagnosed with PFT. Most of the patients were female (62.42%) with (odds ratio [OR] = 2.08), and had bilateral (84.85%) affliction. The most common age group at presentation was during the sixth decade of life with 825 (35.71%) patients. The overall prevalence was higher in patients from an upper socio economic status (0.242%) presenting from the metropolitan geography (0.113%; OR = 2.37). Systemic history of diabetes mellitus (DM) with a mean duration of 122.03 ± 95.59 months was seen in 849 (36.75%) and hypertension in 609 (26.36%) patients. Of the 4,270 eyes, 2,441 (57.17%) eyes had a visual impairment of mild or no visual impairment (<20/70) followed by moderate visual impairment (>20/70–20/200) in 1022 (23.93%) eyes. The risk of sight threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR) among PFT patients was higher (OR = 1.43) compared to non-PFT cohort. Choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) was observed in 481 (11.26%) eyes. Conclusion PFT is more common in females and is predominantly bilateral. PFT is more common in upper socio economic status and majority of the eyes had mild or moderate visual impairment. Diabetes and Hypertension are associated risk factors in PFT.