Clinical profile and treatment outcome of acute kidney injury (AKI) in a tertiary care hospital

Abstract

Background: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is one of the major cause of in-hospital mortality rates globally. The current study was conducted to study the etiological profile, severity and management of acute kidney injury.Methods: The study was a prospective observational study, conducted in the department general medicine, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical college and Hospital, Permabalur, Tamil Nadu. The study population included all the patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) with acute Kidney injury (AKI) between January 2015 to December 2016. All the study participants were recruited to the study by convenient sampling. Descriptive analysis was carried out by frequency and proportion for categorical variables.Results: A total of 100 subjects were included. Participants were almost uniformly distributed in each of a decadal age group till above 60 years. Males (57%) were slightly higher than females (43%). Oliguria was present in 88% of the study population. The most common etiology was acute diarrhoeal disease (44%), followed by multiple infections in 12% and Sepsis in 10% of the subjects. As per RIFLE criteria 46% participants were at risk, 26.0% had injury, 28% had failure. All at risk people were treated conservatively, among injury category, 38.5% were treated by haemodialysis and 3.84% by peritoneal dialysis. In failure group, 60.71% and 3.57% were treated by haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis respectively.Conclusions: Acute kidney Injury (AKI) can be a consequence of varied aetiologies and all the age groups and both the genders at risk of developing it. RIFLE criteria may be a useful tool in guiding the management.