Clinical Profile and Angiographic Pattern of Coronary Artery Disease in Young Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

Abstract

Aim of this study was to determine the clinical profile and angiographic pattern in young patients (≤35 years) who presented with Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) to cardiac catheterization lab of tertiary care. We prospectively recruited all young patients (≤35 years) who presented to our center with ACS from August 2020 to December 2020 and underwent coronary angiography. The primary endpoint was clinical profile including demographics, co-morbidities and angiographic findings. The secondary endpoint was in-hospital and three months mortality. A total of 1742 patients with ACS were presented to our hospital. Out of them 108 (6.2%) were ≤35 years of age. There were 86% Male, 76% fall in age group of 31–35 years. 65% were overweight. 83% were active smoker and 15% were tobacco chewer. 28% were hypertensive, 12% were diabetic and 8% were dyslipidemic. ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) was the most common presentation (91%) with Anterior STEMI was the most common location (70%). Most had single vessel disease (62%) with left anterior descending (LAD) artery being the most common culprit vessel (70%). Proximal LAD was the most common site (62%) with type B lesion being the most common pattern of involvement (44%). In-hospital and at 3 months mortality was 1.9% and 4% respectively. Our findings suggest that young males were most common presenter with ACS, being overweight and smoking were the most common risk factors. Proximal LAD involvement with type B lesion causing anterior STEMI was the most common angiographic finding.