Clinical phenotypes and constipation severity in Parkinson’s disease: Relation to Prevotella species

Jaidaa Mekky,Mona Metwali,Ahmed Elsayed,Shwikar Ahmad,Sara Asser,Samar Farouk,Shehab Monir

doi:10.21608/mid.2022.110401.1218

Abstract

Clinical phenotypes and constipation severity in Parkinson’s disease: Relation to Prevotella species

Highlights

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms [1], with idiopathic constipation is considered one of the strongest risk factors for PD [2].Recent neuroscience research hypothesizes that the pathology of PD may start in the gut; where α-Syn aggregates in the enteric nervous system (ENS), spreads in retrograde fashion to theMekky J et al / Microbes and Infectious Diseases 2022; 3(2): 420-427 421 central nervous system (CNS) along the vagus nerve [3]
With regards to PD, gut dysbiosis might have a role in disease pathogenesis through interactions of the gut-brain axis, where bacterial metabolites increase gut permeability allowing for lipopolysaccharides and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) to leak, stimulating the production of proinflammatory cytokines which can cause neuroinflammation upon crossing the blood-brain barrier [5]
Prevotella relative abundance was 4fold decreased in cases when compared to controls, it failed to reach statistical significance, Prevotella-dominant enterotype was less presented in cases compared to controls, the result was statistically significant (p=0.001)

Summary

Introduction

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor (rigidity, bradykinesia, and tremor) and non-motor symptoms (constipation, sleep disturbances, pain, and depression) [1], with idiopathic constipation is considered one of the strongest risk factors for PD [2].Recent neuroscience research hypothesizes that the pathology of PD may start in the gut; where α-Syn aggregates in the enteric nervous system (ENS), spreads in retrograde fashion to theMekky J et al / Microbes and Infectious Diseases 2022; 3(2): 420-427 421 central nervous system (CNS) along the vagus nerve [3]. With regards to PD, gut dysbiosis might have a role in disease pathogenesis through interactions of the gut-brain axis, where bacterial metabolites increase gut permeability allowing for lipopolysaccharides and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) to leak, stimulating the production of proinflammatory cytokines which can cause neuroinflammation upon crossing the blood-brain barrier [5]. This might promote α-Syn misfolding and subsequentially neuronal degeneration which manifests as exacerbations of PD symptoms [6].

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Conclusion