Clinical performance of narrow-diameter implants with hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces with mandibular implant overdentures: 1-year results of a randomized clinical trial.

Abstract

To compare peri-implant clinical and radiographic parameters between hydrophilic and hydrophobic narrow dental implants in patients with mandibular implant overdentures for 1year. In a randomized, double-blind, split-mouth study with a 1-year follow-up, sixteen edentulous participants received two narrow-diameter implants in the anterior mandibular region with 2 types of surfaces: hydrophobic (Neoporos surface, NS) and hydrophilic (Acqua surface, AS). During the osseointegration period and after loading with mandibular implant overdentures, the outcomes monitored were (i) peri-implant health: early healing index (EHI), visible plaque index (VPI), calculus presence (CP), peri-implant inflammation (PI), probing depth (PD), and bleeding on probing (BOP); (ii) implant stability quotient (ISQ), (iii) crestal bone loss (CBL) and bone level change (BLC); and (iv) implant success and survival rates. The PD in NS implants decreased by 31.78% between 15 and 30days, while a similar reduction (-31.28%) occurred in the 3rd month in the AS group. The ISQ also decreased significantly during the 1st month in both groups: -10.95% after 7days in the NS group and -7.46% after 15days in the AS group. At 12months, statistically significant differences were not observed; however, the AS surface presented 50.6% smaller CBL and 41.3% smaller BLC values. The success and survival rates were 62.5% for AS implants and 87.5% for NS implants. Narrow-diameter implants with hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces loaded with mandibular implant overdentures showed no differences in peri-implant healing, stability, and peri-implant bone remodeling in the 1st year of follow-up.