Clinical performance of Bladder EpiCheck methylation test for active surveillance of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Abstract

e16597 Background: Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) has a favorable 5-year survival, but up to 60% of patients experience cancer recurrence within the first year of diagnosis. The current gold standard for active surveillance is periodic cystoscopy, but this is expensive and invasive. An alternative non-invasive method involves urine cytology, but it has poor sensitivity. Recently developed urine-based molecular diagnostics such as the EpiCheck (Nucleix, Rehovot, Israel) test offers non-invasive and quick testing for active surveillance. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of Bladder EpiCheck in active surveillance of NMIBC. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for relevant studies published between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2022. The primary outcome was the sensitivity / negative predictive value (NPV) and specificity (PPV) of Bladder EpiCheck in active surveillance of NMIBC. We also performed a subgroup analysis to evaluate the performance of EpiCheck in detecting the recurrence of high-grade and low-grade NMIBC. Results: Our systematic search identified 110 articles, from which 6 studies were included in the final analysis. Compared with urine cytology, EpiCheck had a higher pooled sensitivity (73% [95% CI: 59-83] vs. 51% [95% CI: 30-72]) and NPV (90% [95% CI: 79.5-95.2] vs. 84% [95 % CI: 69-92]. However, EpiCheck had a lower pooled specificity (63% [95% CI: 48-76] vs. 97% [95% CI: 89-99]) and PPV (63% [95% CI: 48-76] vs. 85% [95 % CI: 69-94] than urine cytology. Similarly in subgroup analysis, EpiCheck had a higher pooled sensitivity than urine cytology in detecting both high-grade (86% [95% CI: 78-91] vs. 63% [95% CI: 43-80]) and low-grade (44% [95% CI: 34-55] vs. 13% [95% CI: 7-23]) NMIBC. Conclusions: The Bladder EpiCheck test has a better sensitivity than urine cytology and may be utilized as a part of the active surveillance strategy for NIMBC recurrence.