Clinical outcomes of primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using six-strand hamstring autograft

Abstract

Objectives: Quadrupled and five-strand hamstring tendon (HT) autografts are commonly used in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), but there is significant variability in graft diameter. The six-strand HT autograft has been introduced to increase graft diameter in patients with undersized HT grafts and may achieve better clinical outcomes. None of the studies has reported clinical outcomes following this technique in Indian patients. We investigated clinical outcomes in patients who underwent primary ACLR using a six-strand HT autograft technique with a minimum six-month follow-up. Materials and Methods: Fifty-five patients who underwent primary ACLR using six-strand HT autografts with interference screw fixation were included in the study. These patients were followed up at three and six months for the evaluation of clinical outcomes. Subjective evaluations included the TegnerLysholm score, anterior cruciate ligament-quality-of-life (ACL-QOL) score, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score. Laxity assessments of the knees were performed using the Lachman test and the pivot-shift test. Functional evaluation of the patients was performed with an overall IKDC objective score. Results: The mean IKDC subjective score was significantly improved at three-month (63.42 ± 5.38) and six-month (82.82 ± 7.49) follow-up after surgery (P < 0.05) when compared with pre-operative scores (50.55 ± 1.84). A similar finding was also noted with the Tegner-Lysholm score and ACL-QOL score in our study. All patients have achieved normal to near-normal functional outcomes at six months in our study without any major complications. The most commonly found complication was paresthesia (21.80%) in the present study. Conclusion: In the primary ACLR, six-strand hamstring autograft achieves similar clinical outcomes and complications as reported with four-strand or five-strand HT autografts. However, the percentages of patients who achieved normal to near-normal outcomes were higher in the present study (100%) as compared to earlier reported data using four-strand or five-strand HT autografts (~85%). The six-strand graft technique is a useful means of increasing graft diameter when faced with an undersized hamstring graft.