Clinical outcomes of percutaneous suction aspiration and drainage for the treatment of infective spondylodiscitis with paravertebral or epidural abscess

Abstract

Background ContextPatients with infective spondylodiscitis who failed conservative treatment are generally indicated for open surgery. However, some patients are poor candidates for standard surgery, hence the need to evaluate less invasive approaches. Good outcomes were previously reported for percutaneous suction aspiration and drainage (PSAD) in the treatment of infective spondylodiscitis resistant to conservative therapy. We recently extended the surgical approach of PSAD to allow drainage of paravertebral or epidural abscesses in patients with progressive infective spondylodiscitis. PurposeTo evaluate the clinical outcomes of PSAD for infective spondylodiscitis with paravertebral or epidural abscess. DesignRetrospective case series. Patient SamplePatients with infective spondylodiscitis and associated epidural or paravertebral abscess treated using PSAD at our institution, between 1998 and 2014. Outcome MeasuresSerum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and imaging data obtained via plain radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging were analyzed. Serum measurements were taken preoperatively and at several time points postoperatively. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the modified MacNab criteria for overall functional mobility. MethodsData were obtained from the patients' case notes, radiological images, and medical records. Student t test was used to assess the relevance of changes in serum levels of CRP and ESR at each evaluated time point, as well as the change in sagittal Cobb angle between the preoperative state and the state at final follow-up. ResultsFifty-two patients (31 men and 21 women; average age, 70.6 years) were included in our analysis. The median (range) CRP levels and ESR values at the time of diagnosis were 6.86 (0.04–20.15) mg/dL and 78.8 (26–120) mm/h, respectively. At 1 year postoperatively, these values had decreased to 0.18 (0.0–1.2) mg/dL and 13.8 (4–28) mm/h for CRP and ESR, respectively. At final follow-up, bone union was observed in 80.8% (42 of 52) of patients, with instability identified in five patients. Regarding functional mobility, excellent outcomes were obtained in 26.9% (14 of 52) of patients, whereas good, fair, and poor outcomes were noted in 42.3% (22 of 52), 3.9% (2 of 52), and 26.9% (14 of 52) of patients, respectively. Overall, treatment was considered effective in 69.2% (36 of 52) of patients. ConclusionsPercutaneous suction aspiration and drainage can serve as an effective alternative to open surgery for the treatment of patients with progressive infective spondylodiscitis and associated paravertebral or epidural abscess.