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Abstract
AimsThis study investigates the effects of intra-articular injection of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on lameness, pain, and quality of life in osteoarthritic canine patients.MethodsWith informed owner consent, adipose tissue collected from adult dogs diagnosed with degenerative joint disease was enzymatically digested and cultured to passage 1. A small portion of cells (n = 4) surplus to clinical need were characterized using flow cytometry and tri-lineage differentiation. The impact and degree of osteoarthritis (OA) was assessed using the Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs (LOAD) score, Modified Canine Osteoarthritis Staging Tool (mCOAST), kinetic gait analysis, and diagnostic imaging. Overall, 28 joints (25 dogs) were injected with autologous AdMSCs and PRP. The patients were followed up at two, four, eight, 12, and 24 weeks. Data were analyzed using two related-samples Wilcoxon signed-rank or Mann-Whitney U tests with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.ResultsAdMSCs demonstrated stem cell-like characteristics. LOAD scores were significantly lower at week 4 compared with preinjection (p = 0.021). The mCOAST improved significantly after three months (p = 0.001) and six months (p = 0.001). Asymmmetry indices decreased from four weeks post-injection and remained significantly lower at six months (p = 0.025).ConclusionThese improvements in quality of life, reduction in pain on examination, and improved symmetry in dogs injected with AdMSCs and PRP support the effectiveness of this combined treatment for symptom modification in canine OA for six months.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(10):650–658.
Highlights
Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by degeneration of the articular cartilage, with loss of matrix, fibrillation, and formation of fissures causing loss of the cartilage surface
Asymmmetry indices decreased from four weeks post-injection and remained significantly lower at six months (p = 0.025). These improvements in quality of life, reduction in pain on examination, and improved symmetry in dogs injected with adipose-d erived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) support the effectiveness of this combined treatment for symptom modification in canine OA for six months
Intra-articular injection of adipose- Intra-articular injection of autologous derived stem cells (AdMCs) and platelet- AdMSCs and PRP can be used in the rich plasma (PRP)
Summary
Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by degeneration of the articular cartilage, with loss of matrix, fibrillation, and formation of fissures causing loss of the cartilage surface. OA is the most common cause of chronic pain in dogs, with an estimated 20% of dogs presenting with clinical signs.[1] It is a chronic degenerative condition commonly managed with analgesics and symptom-modifying medication, alone or in combination with supportive therapies such as exercise and physiotherapy. These management methods are, limited in their ability to attenuate disease progression, leaving arthroplasty as a common eventuality in OA patients.[1]. Do stem cells have differentiation and self-renewal properties, which may directly contribute to cartilage repair, but they have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive abilities and secrete a variety of bioactive factors that allow them to be attracted to the site of injury, reducing pain and inflammation.2-5 In the osteoarthritic joint, progressive cartilage degradation produces proinflammatory mediators which exacerbate the condition; the anti- inflammatory properties of stem cells may be beneficial in reducing the inflammatory processes associated with OA.[6,7]
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