Clinical Outcome of Current Generation Hydroxyapatite Coated Acetabular Design

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings for femoral stems have been successful in short- to intermediate-term follow up. However, the outcomes of HA-coated cups have not been as successful as comparable non-HA-coated designs. This has been attributed to component design and to poor quality HA-coating processes. This is a clinical outcome study of a newer generation acetabular design with an improved plasma-sprayed HA-coat. Ninety consecutive primary total hip replacements implanted with a HA-coated metal-backed cup were prospectively followed up for 2–5 years after surgery. Mean age was 69 years, male:female ratio was 36:47; mean-weight was 77 kg. Polyethylene wear was measured on digitized images. Component position, component migration, and implant-bone interface radiolucent lines were analyzed by computerized image analysis. Hip-scores improved from preoperative mean 59(±12) to a final follow-up mean of 91(±12). One hip was revised for recurrent dislocation. No hips were revised for aseptic loosening. Mean acetabular abduction angle was 46°(±8.5) and anteversion was 18°(±8.7). Incomplete lucent lines were noted on early postoperative radiographs in 5% of the cases. With ongoing follow up radiolucent line thickness decreased by mean 13% and radiolucent line density increased by 11%. No cup had complete continuous radiolucent lines or lysis. Mean polyethylene linear and volumetric wear rates were 0.14(± 0.15) mm/year and 73(± 70) mm3/year respectively. Wear rates were higher in males (p<0.03). No other factor (age, body weight, cup abduction or anteversion angle) correlated significantly with wear rate. This study presents encouraging short-term results. The improvement in radiolucent lines suggests a beneficial effect of the HA-coat on bone ingrowth. None of the cups loosened or migrated. Wear rates were comparable to published reports of successful non-HA-coated cups. Long-term follow up is ongoing to corroborate these early findings.