Clinical Outcome for Patients Managed with Low-Dose Cisplatin and Doxorubicin Delivered as Pressurized Intraperitoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy for Unresectable Peritoneal Metastases of Gastric Cancer

Abstract

Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) is increasingly used to manage gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis (GCPM). This study analyzed a prospective database of GCPM patients treated with cisplatin and doxorubicin PIPAC (PIPAC-C/D). The outcome criteria were adverse events, pathologic response [peritoneal regression grading score (PRGS)], and overall survival (OS). The PIPAC-C/D procedure was scheduled for 144 patients with a median age of 57years (range 22-88years). Access to the abdominal cavity for the first PIPAC failed in 11 patients (7.7 %). A total of 296 procedures were performed for 131 patients. Of the 144 patients, 52 (36.1%) underwent one PIPAC, 32 (22.2%) underwent two PIPACs, 24 (16.7%) underwent three PIPACs, and 21 (14.6%) underwent four or more PIPACs. The overall morbidity/mortality was grade 1 for 22 patients (15.3%), grade 2 for 32 patients (22.2%), grade 3 for 7patients (4.9%), grade 4 for no patients (0%), and grade 5 for 2 patients (1.4%). Of the 37 patients who had three or more PIPACs eligible for histopathologic response analysis, 27 (73%) had major or complete regression (PRGS 1/2). A median OS of 11months (range 0-61months) for the total study population and 16months (range 2-61months) for the patients with three or more PIPACs was observed. For 10 patients (7%) who underwent cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, the median OS was 15months (minimum, 4months; maximum, 27months). Multivariate analysis showed three or more PIPACs to be an independent prognostic factor for improved OS (hazard ratio, 0.36; p < 0.0001). Repetitive PIPAC-C/D ± systemic chemotherapy is associated with low morbidity and mortality rates. Prospective randomized trials are needed to confirm whether three or more PIPAC-C/Ds improve clinical outcome.