Abstract
Simple SummaryThe transfusion of red blood cells (RBC) in patients undergoing major elective cranial surgery is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This study sought to identify the clinical outcome of RBC transfusions in skull base and non-skull base meningioma patients including the identification of risk factors for RBC transfusion. Data underline that preoperative anaemia rate was significantly higher in transfused patients (17.7%) compared to patients without RBC transfusion (6.2%). We could further show that RBC transfusion was associated with increased postoperative complications and increased hospital length of stay. After multivariate analyses, risk factors for RBC transfusion were preoperative American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status score, tumor size, surgical time, and intraoperative blood loss. We concluded that blood loss due to large tumors or localization near large vessels are the main triggers for RBC transfusion in meningioma patients paired with a potential preselection that masks the effect of preoperative anaemia in multivariate analysis. So far, this has not been investigated in a large cohort (n = 423) of skull base and non-skull base meningioma patients.Transfusion of red blood cells (RBC) in patients undergoing major elective cranial surgery is associated with increased morbidity, mortality and prolonged hospital length of stay (LOS). This retrospective single center study aims to identify the clinical outcome of RBC transfusions on skull base and non-skull base meningioma patients including the identification of risk factors for RBC transfusion. Between October 2009 and October 2016, 423 patients underwent primary meningioma resection. Of these, 68 (16.1%) received RBC transfusion and 355 (83.9%) did not receive RBC units. Preoperative anaemia rate was significantly higher in transfused patients (17.7%) compared to patients without RBC transfusion (6.2%; p = 0.0015). In transfused patients, postoperative complications as well as hospital LOS was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) compared to non-transfused patients. After multivariate analyses, risk factors for RBC transfusion were preoperative American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status score (p = 0.0247), tumor size (p = 0.0006), surgical time (p = 0.0018) and intraoperative blood loss (p < 0.0001). Kaplan-Meier curves revealed significant influence on overall survival by preoperative anaemia, RBC transfusion, smoking, cardiovascular disease, preoperative KPS ≤ 60% and age (elderly ≥ 75 years). We concluded that blood loss due to large tumors or localization near large vessels are the main triggers for RBC transfusion in meningioma patients paired with a potential preselection that masks the effect of preoperative anaemia in multivariate analysis. Further studies evaluating the impact of preoperative anaemia management for reduction of RBC transfusion are needed to improve the clinical outcome of meningioma patients.
Highlights
Preoperative anaemia is common in patients scheduled for major surgery, with a prevalence of up to 50% [1]
Preoperative anaemia rate was significantly higher in the red blood cells (RBC) transfusion group compared to the non-RBC transfusion group 17.7% (n = 12) vs. 6.2% (n = 22); p = 0.0015)
Our study revealed that RBC transfusion in meningioma patients is associated with an increased risk for postoperative complications and prolonged hospital length of stay (LOS)
Summary
Preoperative anaemia is common in patients scheduled for major surgery, with a prevalence of up to 50% [1]. In patients undergoing a variety of non-neurosurgical procedures, recent studies revealed that preoperative anaemia is an independent risk factor for postoperative morbidity, mortality, prolonged hospital length of stay (LOS) and an increased risk for red blood cell (RBC) transfusions [2]. Given the sensitivity of the central nervous system to decreased oxygen delivery, especially neurosurgical patients have an increased anaemia vulnerability. This has been demonstrated in emergency situations like traumatic brain injury or subarachnoid haemorrhage [3,4]. Preoperative anaemia is frequent in patients undergoing major elective surgery with 28.7% [5]. Anaemia was associated with increased 30-day morbidity and mortality in patients [6]
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