Clinical nutrition in internal medicine: An Italian survey by the scientific societies FADOI and SINPE

Abstract

ObjectivesPatients hospitalized in internal medicine are frequently malnourished or at risk for malnutrition. The aim of this study, conducted by the Federation of Associations of Hospital Internists (FADOI) and the Italian Society of Artificial Nutrition and Metabolism (SINPE) was to assess the nutritional management of internal medicine inpatients in Italy, to identify critical issues and formulate practical proposals to improve nutritional treatment. MethodsFrom February to April 2021, FADOI and SINPE conducted a national web-based survey, including a 13 multiple-choice item questionnaire related to three key areas:screening and assessment of malnutrition and associated/overlapping sarcopenia and dysphagia;specialist consultations; andmanagement of nutritional support. ResultsResponding to the questionnaire were 266 physicians among FADOI members (10.76%). Screening for malnutrition is performed with validated tests, within standardized care pathways, or routinely, only by 22% of participants. Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria for diagnosis of malnutrition are little used (20%). Screening for sarcopenia was insufficient as the systematic use of assessment tools (handgrip/chair test) was minimal (3%). Screening for dysphagia is not a routine procedure for at-risk patients according to 33% of participants. Systematic involvement of clinical nutrition services/units in the management of malnourished/sarcopenic patients was reported by only 17% of internists. ConclusionsTo overcome the critical issues that emerged from the present study, FADOI and SINPE experts proposed practical solutions to promote the application of the most recent guidelines and to improve awareness and sensitivity to nutritional management in internal medicine real-life settings.