Clinical Manifestations in Pregnant Women and Congenital Abnormalities in Fetus and Newborns during a Zika Transmission Period in South Mexico

Norma Pavía-Ruz,Nina Valadez Gonzalez,Hector Gómez-Dantés,Silvina Noemí Contreras-Capetillo,Yamila Romer,Gonzalo Vázquez-Prokopec,Pablo Manrique-Saide

doi:10.5772/intechopen.90616

Abstract

Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika are arboviruses transmitted by Ae. aegypti with significant public health impact. In the first trimester of 2015, autochthonous Zika transmission was reported in Mexico. The state of Yucatan is an endemic region where pregnant women with acute infection and related congenital abnormalities in fetus and newborns were observed. We describe results from a cohort of pregnant women and their babies followed up in Yucatan during the first Zika transmission outbreak (2016–2018). Clinical manifestations of acute ZIKV infection, persistence of viral RNA in pregnant women, as well as congenital abnormalities were observed. In addition, we describe the phenotype of newborns from confirmed or suspected ZIKV prenatal infection.

Highlights

Dengue (DEN), Chikungunya (CHIK) and Zika (ZIKV) are arboviruses transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti and known as Aedes-borne-diseases
ZIKV interferes with the neural development through decreased neural progenitor cells, arrest in neuronal migration and/or disruption of the maturation process of the fetus central nervous system (CNS) [12, 13]
The congenital Zika virus syndrome (CZVS) is a pattern of congenital defects associated with ZIKV infection during the pregnancy so ZIKV pathogenicity and virulence is currently studied [14–18]

Summary

Introduction

Dengue (DEN), Chikungunya (CHIK) and Zika (ZIKV) are arboviruses transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti and known as Aedes-borne-diseases. These diseases are associated with high morbidity and low mortality and considered a public health problem [1]. In the 2015, the ZIKV outbreak was considered an international emergency because infection in pregnant women was related to the increase of congenital abnormalities in the fetuses [2–4]. The clinical manifestations of Zika in general population and pregnant women were mild rash, conjunctivitis and low fever, up to 80% remain asymptomatic, higher than DEN (19%) and CHIK (45%) [1, 2, 7, 8]. The congenital Zika virus syndrome (CZVS) is a pattern of congenital defects associated with ZIKV infection during the pregnancy so ZIKV pathogenicity and virulence is currently studied [14–18]

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