Abstract
Pediatric varicocele, having a prevalence between 1 and 15% according to age, is more frequent as puberty begins. By interfering with Sertoli cell proliferation and hormone secretion, testicular growth, and spermatogenesis, it can damage testicular function. Proper management has a pivotal role for future fertility preservation. In this chapter, diagnosis, management, and treatment of childhood and adolescent varicocele will be discussed from an endocrinological perspective, overviewing the current evidence and the established guidelines by the European Society for Pediatric Urology, the European Association of Urology, the American Urological Association, and the American Society for Reproductive Medicine.
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