Clinical Implications of Jump Distance on Landing Error Scoring System Scores.

Abstract

The Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) screens for risk of non-contact Anterior Cruciate Ligament injury. The LESS requires individuals to jump forward from a 30-cm box to a distance of 50% of their body height. However, different landing distances have been used in the scientific literature. To examine whether landing distance influences LESS outcomes. Cross-sectional. Laboratory. Seventy young active individuals (34 males, 36 females). Participants performed 3 × 30-cm jump-landing tasks under two landing conditions in randomized order: (1) 50% of body height (d50%), (2) self-selected distance (dss). Mean LESS scores, proportions of individuals categorized at high (LESS ≥ 5 errors) and low (LESS < 5 errors) injury risk, and landing distances were compared between conditions using Generalized Estimating Equations. Consistency of risk categorization was examined using odds ratios (OR) and McNemar's tests. McNemar's and Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to compare occurrence of specific LESS errors. Participants landed significantly closer to the box under the dss condition (difference: -23.28 [-20.73 to -25.81]%, p < 0.001). Group mean LESS scores (difference: -0.01 [-0.59 to 0.57] error, p = 0.969) and risk categorization (OR: 0.94 [0.47 to 1.88], p = 0.859) were similar between conditions. However, individual-level risk categorization was inconsistent in 33% of participants, as was the occurrence of specific errors. Using dss during LESS might lead to different LESS errors and risk categorization at an individual level compared to d50%. Given that individual LESS scores are of primary interest in clinical and sport settings, and the injury-risk threshold has not been validated for dss, the use of the original LESS protocol is recommended. When only group mean LESS scores or proportions of at risk individuals is of interest, using dss is possible to facilitate large cohort testing.