Clinical Implications of Hyperleukocytosis/Leukostasis Syndrome

Abstract

The unusual leukemia presentation known as hyperleukocytosis (white blood cell count >100×109/L) is linked to a higher risk of premature death. Leukostasis, a syndrome brought on by the sludging of circulating leukemic blasts in the microcirculation, is one of its secondary symptoms, which can take many different forms. This minireview on hyperleukocytic leukemia highlights the pathogenesis, clinical signs, and treatment options for these abnormalities. Cytoreduction, suppressing tumor lysis, and leukapheresis are appropriate therapies for this medical emergency when leukostasis and hyperviscosity syndrome are prominent.