Clinical Implications and Correlates of Q Waves in Patients With ST‐Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated With Fibrinolysis: Observations from the CLARITY‐TIMI 28 Trial

Abstract

The relationships between Q waves that appear during the acute phase of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), clinical characteristics, ST-segment resolution (STRes), and clopidogrel therapy in patients treated with fibrinolysis are not well described. We hypothesized that Q waves would be associated with less successful reperfusion and increased cardiovascular events. In the CLARITY-TIMI 28 trial, 3491 STEMI patients treated with fibrinolysis were randomized to clopidogrel or placebo. Electrocardiograms were evaluated for STRes post-fibrinolysis and the presence of pathologic Q waves during the index hospitalization in 3322 patients. Q waves were identified in 2045 patients (61.6%) prior to discharge and were associated with increased odds of congestive heart failure (CHF) (adjusted odds ratio [ORadj ]: 2.10, P = 0.002) or the composite of cardiovascular death/CHF at 30 days (ORadj : 2.08, P ≤ 0.001). Q waves were associated with lower odds of Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction [TIMI] flow grade 2 to 3 (ORadj : 0.78, P = 0.028), TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 3 (ORadj : 0.83, P = 0.029), and complete STRes at 90 minutes (ORadj : 0.80, P = 0.030). Patients with both a Q wave and incomplete STRes 90 minutes after fibrinolysis were at higher risk for cardiovascular death or CHF (11.1%) than patients with no Q wave and at least partial STRes (1.9%). Overall, clopidogrel tended to be equally or more effective in patients without Q waves compared to those with Q waves. Among STEMI patients treated with fibrinolysis, evaluating for Q waves prior to discharge is a simple method of assessing for less successful reperfusion and an increased risk of adverse 30-day cardiovascular outcomes. The combination of Q waves and 90-minute STRes allows additional risk refinement.