Abstract
In 2018, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) revised ciprofloxacin (CIP)-susceptible breakpoint for Enterobacteriaceae from ≤1 μg/mL to ≤0.25 μg/mL, based on pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) analysis. However, clinical data supporting the lowered CIP breakpoint are insufficient. This retrospective cohort study evaluated the clinical outcomes of patients with bacteremic urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Enterobacteriaceae, which were previously CIP-susceptible and changed to non-susceptible. Bacteremic UTIs caused by Enterobacteriaceae with CIP minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≤ 1 μg/mL were screened, and then patients treated with CIP as a definitive treatment were finally included. Patients in CIP-non-susceptible group (MIC = 0.5 or 1 μg/mL) were compared with patients in CIP-susceptible group (MIC ≤ 0.25 μg/mL). Primary endpoints were recurrence of UTIs within 4 weeks and 90 days. A total of 334 patients were evaluated, including 282 of CIP-susceptible and 52 of CIP-non-susceptible. There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes between two groups. In multivariate analysis, CIP non-susceptibility was not associated with recurrence of UTIs. CIP non-susceptibility based on a revised CIP breakpoint, which was formerly susceptible, was not associated with poor clinical outcomes in bacteremic UTI patients were treated with CIP, similar to those of the susceptible group. Further evaluation is needed to guide the selection of definitive antibiotics for UTIs.
Highlights
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most commonly encountered bacterial infection in the community [1,2]
In order to evaluate the clinical impact of revised Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoint, we analyzed the clinical outcomes of patients receiving CIP for the treatment of UTIs with bacteremia caused by Enterobacteriaceae isolates that were previously CIP-susceptible and changed to non-susceptible
There were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to age, Charlson’s weighted index of comorbidity (CWIs), identified pathogens including extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) producing organisms, treatment duration of antibiotics, and number of risk factors for recurrent UTIs
Summary
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most commonly encountered bacterial infection in the community [1,2]. PK-PD analysis and in vitro data may not accurately predict clinical outcomes for all infections, especially less severe infections such as UTIs. clinical data supporting the lowered CLSI breakpoint are insufficient, and this revised MIC is not based on the mechanism of quinolone resistance. In order to evaluate the clinical impact of revised CLSI breakpoint, we analyzed the clinical outcomes of patients receiving CIP for the treatment of UTIs with bacteremia caused by Enterobacteriaceae isolates that were previously CIP-susceptible and changed to non-susceptible. We compared those with CIP minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≤ 0.25 g/mL and those with CIP MIC 0.5 and 1 g/mL
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