Abstract
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this research was to confirm the changes occurring in the foot system of the heifers challenged with lipopolysaccharides (LPS), at the clinical, serum and histological levels. We studied 16 clinically healthy heifers, 14 months of age, placed in a confinement system. All the animals were provided with an accelerometer collar to establish their activity. They were categorized into two groups: the LPS group (n=8), or those which were administered two intravenous applications of 2 mL containing 0.5 μg/kg of body weight of LPS, with a 24-hour interval and the Control group (n=8) which were given two infusions of 2 mL of saline solution in the same time interval. General clinical examination and blood collection were done at 0, 4 and 8 hours post the LPS challenges and analyses of the hemograms and paroxonese-1 were performed. The animals were then slaughtered on day 4 and the laminar tissue was collected for histological analysis. The LPS group revealed a lower total leukocyte count with heart rate and greater activity. None of the animals revealed any abnormal signs symptomatic of foot pathology after histological analysis. Hence, the challenge with LPS failed to induce any clinical and histological changes in the foot tissue compatible with laminitis.
Highlights
Locomotor disorders represent the primary reason for the negative impacts on animal stardom today, causing persistent pain and discomfort (BICALHO et al, 2007; TAVARES et al, 2019).Economic losses induced by lameness are estimated to be second only to the losses produced by mastitis and reproductive tract diseases (GREENOUGH, 2007), which exert a direct negative effect on the milk production
It is regarded as a disease of multifactorial etiology, where the relationship between the environment management and body condition can be considered as among the factors that contributed to the development of this disease, nutrition management is still viewed to play a crucial role in the onset of foot diseases
Animals placed on a high carbohydrate diet can produce ruminal acidosis, which in turn exerts a direct effect on the occurrence of laminitis (NOCEK, 1997; ENEMARK, 2008; NAGARAJA & TITGEMEYER, 2007)
Summary
Locomotor disorders represent the primary reason for the negative impacts on animal stardom today, causing persistent pain and discomfort (BICALHO et al, 2007; TAVARES et al, 2019).Economic losses induced by lameness are estimated to be second only to the losses produced by mastitis and reproductive tract diseases (GREENOUGH, 2007), which exert a direct negative effect on the milk production. Among the diseases affecting the locomotive system, the most prominent is laminitis, which represents 80% of the instances of foot diseases (FERREIRA, 2003) This disease, otherwise termed diffuse aseptic pododermatitis or choriosis, is specified to mean the inflammation of the hoof wall laminae in bovines and equines. It is as yet unclear as to precisely which factor determines the appearance of the laminar tissue inflammation, as well as the degree of this inflammation in the other hoof structures in cattle (THOEFNER et al, 2005) It is regarded as a disease of multifactorial etiology, where the relationship between the environment management and body condition can be considered as among the factors that contributed to the development of this disease, nutrition management is still viewed to play a crucial role in the onset of foot diseases. Animals placed on a high carbohydrate diet can produce ruminal acidosis, which in turn exerts a direct effect on the occurrence of laminitis (NOCEK, 1997; ENEMARK, 2008; NAGARAJA & TITGEMEYER, 2007)
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