Clinical Genomic Analysis and Diagnosis - An Ex vivo, In vitro, and In silico Approach

Abstract

Single-cell genomic analysis, a systemic review of single-cell methodologies involving genomic and proteomic studies, was published seventeen years ago. Single-cell approaches with downstream genomic and proteomic analysis have been applied to therapeutic disciplines such as molecular pathology, molecular genetics, forensic medicine, and biomarker development after years of arduous work. Furthermore, the dynamic cell-sorting technology, in conjunction with downstream cell culture and genomic analysis of stem cells for regeneration medicine and cancer stem cell differentiation, has made substantial progress in clinical fields. Furthermore, tissue level sampling combined with in silico analysis has been used in the treatment of advanced tumour disease. Recent advances in sorting homogeneous cells in vitro (or single cells technique), ex vivo (dynamic analysis or small number of cell cultures with downstream genomic analysis), and in silico (tissue level sampling with in silico analysis) have enabled physicians and scientists to apply one of these techniques with genomic analysis in their clinical areas of research. This manual will discuss recently established methods of clinical genomic analysis in vitro, in silico, and ex vivo in order to completely comprehend these modern approaches. In the review paper, Author also discusses how to apply these strategies in a variety of clinical settings. Eventually, the manual will address some of the issues that mixed cells from clinical specimens pose for clinical genomics analysis and diagnosis.