Clinical findings and main considerations of the use of bisphosphonate in dental implants: a concise systematic review

Abstract

Introduction: In the scenario of dental implant and osseointegration, it is highlighted that the scope of modern dentistry is to restore the patient's normal comfort, function, esthetics, speech, and health. More than one million dental implants are performed each year in the USA. Bisphosphonates (BP) have been the best drug associated with a significant improvement in the quality of life of patients with bone diseases such as Paget's disease, bone metastases, osteogenesis imperfecta, hypercalcemia, and even severe osteoporosis. Objective: Aimed to carry out a concise systematic review of the main considerations regarding the use of bisphosphonate in osseointegration for dental implants. Methods: The present study followed by a systematic review model, following the rules of systematic review – PRISMA. The search strategy was performed in the PubMed, Scielo, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. The Cochrane Instrument was used to assess the risk of bias of the included studies. Results: Bisphosphonate coating of dental implants is a promising tool for surface modification, aiming to improve the osseointegration process and clinical outcome. The biological effects of bisphosphonates are thought to be primarily associated with inhibition of osteoclasts, whereas their effects on osteoblast function are unclear. Thus, surfaces coated with bisphosphonates to stimulate osteoblast differentiation have been investigated by several in vitro studies with contradictory results. Conclusion: Based on results, osteoporosis is a metabolic condition that affects alveolar bone density, but it does not present problems for the installation of osseointegrated implants, as long as there is sufficient bone mass in the region where the tooth will be implanted. Locally administered bisphosphonates induce bone regeneration in periodontal defects and decrease the rate of marginal bone loss after dental implant therapy.