Abstract
Various circumstances of the injury lead to various types of brain damage. The main types of destructive effects are countracoup effect and acceleration/deceleration. The high intensity injuring force creates conditions for occurrence of combinations of different types of damage leading to aggravation of pathological processes caused by trauma, complication of clinical picture, difficulties of diagnosis and treatment, prolongation of hospital stay, and requires an additional methods of research and treating the injured. Finding the genesis of symptoms observed upon neurologic examination, and especially the differential diagnosis between primary and secondary lesions of the brain stem are nessesary to choose the emergency care for victims with severe traumatic brain injury, as well as to forecast the outcomes of treatment. The dynamics of neurological symptoms (level of wakefulness, pupil size, eyeball mobility, muscle tone and limb movement disorders, pathological plantar reflexes) have significant differences in patients with various types of brain damage, which makes a regular assessment of neurological status extremely important in these patients.
Highlights
The high intensity injuring force creates conditions for occurrence of combinations of different types of damage leading to aggravation of pathological processes caused by trauma
Finding the genesis of symptoms observed upon neurologic examination
which makes a regular assessment of neurological status
Summary
— внутримозговая гематома — внутричерепная гипертензия — внутричерепное давление — дислокационный синдром — диффузное аксональное повреждение головного мозга. Лечение черепно-мозговой травмы (ЧМТ) является одной из наиболее важных проблем здравоохранения в любой стране мира, поскольку выступает основной причиной смертности и инвалидизации людей трудо способного возраста [1, 2]. Число пациентов с тяжелой ЧМТ, ушибами головного мозга и внутричерепными гематомами травматического происхождения ежегодно увеличивается, достигая 40–50% наблюдений от всех пострадавших с травмой головы [3]. Смертельный исход наступает у 60–80% пострадавших с тяжелой ЧМТ [4, 5]
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