Clinical features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy depending on the hereditary factor

Abstract

The objective was to study the clinical features of symptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) depending on the form (familial / non-familial), the age of onset and the presence of arterial hypertension (AH).Methods and materials. During 6 years, we examined 250 HCM patients, 100 patients with symptomatic HCM aged from 18 to 86 years were included in the study. Results. Patients with the clinical manifestations onset at a young age more often had a familial form of the disease, an autosomal dominant type of inheritance, an asymmetric HCM with reverse curve interventricular septal morphology. On the contrary, patients with the clinical manifestations onset at the age of ≥45 years had non-familial form of the disease and asymmetric HCM with basal interventricular septal hypertrophy. The young HCM patients with associated AH more often were obese, had CHF of III–IV functional class (NYHA), larger anteroposterior left atrial diameter than patients without AH and more often needed interventricular septal reduction. HCM patients and associated AH with the disease onset at the age of ≥45 years significantly more often had angina syndrome. Absolute indications for interventricular septal reduction in HCM patients with the disease onset ≥45 years of age were determined only for HCM patients and associated AH. At the same time, 50 % of HCM+AH patients both at a young age and in the older group, had obesity. Conclusions. The interventricular septal morphology differs significantly depending on the age of clinical manifestations onset. Co-existing AH and obesity are predictors of the progressive HCM course and an increase in the proportion of patients with absolute indications for interventricular septal reductions regardless of the age of clinical manifestations onset.