Clinical Features and Follow-up Results of Sporadic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Patients Surgical Treatment

Abstract

AbstractObjectivesInfluence of lymphatic metastases presence at immediate and follow-up results of pts surgical treatment is controversial especially for sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma (SMTC).Methods3330 thyroid cancer pts were operated on (1973-2009), among them—226 (6.8%) medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) patients. In 11 observations MTC was appeared as a part of MEN syndrome. Sporadic character of disease was confirmed in 215 (95.1%) cases. There were 140 (80.8%) females and 33 (19.2%) males (4.2:1.0) with average age 48.6 ± 2.7. Long-term results (1-40 years) were investigated in 173 (94.2%) cases. All SMTC patients were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 made of 80 (46.2%) T1- 3N0M0, Group 2 made of 47 (27.3%) T1-3N1a-bM0, 3 Group made of 46 (26.6%) T4N1a-bM0 patients.Results:Group 1Organ-sparing operations were carried out in 59 (73.7%), thyroidectomies—in 21 (26.3%) patients. Multicentric tumor growth (MTG) was observed in 19.1%: in T1 cases—5.7%, T2—20.5%, T3—46.7%. All patients were undergone ipsilateral prophylactic central neck dissection (CND). Average period of postoperative observation (APPO) made 12.0 ± 1.7. 5 years survival rate made 98.4%, 10—91.7%. Local relapse of MTC was found in 1 patients (in contralateral thyroid lobe).Group 2Organ-sparing operations were carried out in 20 (42.6%), thyroidectomies—27 (57.4%) with curative central or central and lateral lymphadenectomy (LAE). MTG took place in 47.2%. 6 group metastases only (T1a) were found in 38.9% and CND was performed. In other cases (61.1%) CND, lateral and mediastinal (8.3%) LAE were performed. APPO correspondent to 10.8 + 2.1 years. Repeated LAE because lymphatic metastases were carry out in 15 (31.9%) patients through 7.2 ± 2.4 years in average after initial operations. Tumor relapses were not found in thyroid remnant. 5 years survival rate made 89.2%, 10—67.8%.Group 3MTG was observed in 64.3%. Central compartment group lymphatic metastases were revealed in 93.3%, in 2 to 5 groups — 86.7%, in mediastinum—38.5%, distant metastases—in 22.0%. Combined operations were performed in 58.9%, palliative—in 45 (26.6%) cases. Operations were completed by Tracheostomy in 38.4%. Adjuvant therapy (X-ray, chemotherapy) was applied in 28.9%. Postoperative lethality made 6.5%. APPO corresponded to 3.3 ± 0.8 (1-10 years). During first year, 8 patients have dead. 5 years survival rate made 32.4%.ConclusionDetection of regional metastases of SMTC during the first patients presentation significantly worsen survival rate. Early diagnose of SMTC by calcitonin level detection is the best way to improve results of treatment. Organ-sparing thyroidectomies with mandatory ipsilateral prophylactics CND are justified only at T1N0M0 sporadic MTC.