Abstract
The aim of this study was to evidence the clinical efficacy of an alcohol-free mouthwash containing 5.0% (W/V) Brazilian green propolis (MGP 5%) for the control of plaque and gingivitis. Twenty five subjects, men and women aging between 18 and 60 years old (35 ± 9), were included in a clinical trials phase II study who had a minimum of 20 sound natural teeth, a mean plaque index of at least 1.5 (PI), and a mean gingival index of at least 1.0 (GI). They were instructed to rinse with 10 mL of mouthwash test for 1 minute, immediately after brushing in the morning and at night. After 45 and 90 days using mouthwash, the results showed a significant reduction in plaque and in gingival index when compared to samples obtained in baseline. These reductions were at 24% and 40%, respectively (P < .5). There were no important side effects in soft and hard tissues of the mouth. In this study, the MGP 5% showed evidence of its efficacy in reducing PI and GI. However, it is necessary to perform a clinical trial, double-blind, randomized to validate such effectiveness.
Highlights
The first reference to mouth rinse as a formal practice is credited to Chinese medicine, about 2700 B.C.E., to treat the diseases of the gums [2]
Gingivitis can lead to periodontitis, a condition in which gingival and bone tissues are destroyed
The main indications are either the improvement of dental health or the prevention of infections caused by bacteria of the oral cavity in specific situations, such as tooth extraction, intraoral surgical procedures, or immune suppression due to cancer therapy or transplantation
Summary
The first reference to mouth rinse as a formal practice is credited to Chinese medicine, about 2700 B.C.E., to treat the diseases of the gums [2]. Antimicrobial mouth rinses that improve daily home care may provide an effective way of removing or controlling bacterial plaque to limit gingivitis and periodontitis [3]. It has been shown that chemotherapeutic mouth rinses are an effective adjunct to regular brushing and flossing for patients with gingivitis, providing a clinically significant benefit in the reduction of plaque and gingivitis [3]. Propolis is a resinous substance collected by honeybees from buds and exudates of certain trees and plants and stored inside their hives. It has been used in folk medicine from ancient times to treat various ailments [5]. The action against microorganisms is an essential characteristic of propolis, and humans have used it for centuries for Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
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